Sialosis – Also known as sialadenosis, is a non-inflammatory enlargement of the salivary glands. It is a chronic condition that is usually painless and bilateral. The most common salivary glands affected by sialosis are the parotid glands, however, the submandibular & sublingual glands can also be affected.
The exact cause of sialosis is unknown, but it is thought to be due to a combination of factors, including:
Abnormal nerve function: The salivary glands are innervated by the autonomic nervous system. It is thought that sialosis may be caused by abnormal nerve function that stimulates the salivary glands to become overactive and grow.
Hormonal imbalances: Sialosis has been associated with hormonal imbalances, such as hypothyroidism and diabetes.
Medications: Some medications, such as lithium and diuretics, have been linked to sialosis.
Alcoholism: Alcoholism is a common cause of sialosis.
Nutritional deficiencies: Malnutrition, particularly vitamin A deficiency, has been linked to sialosis.
The symptoms of sialosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some people may experience only mild swelling of the salivary glands, while others may experience more severe swelling, pain, and difficulty opening the mouth.